Aldehyde Ketone and Carboxylic acid Handwritten Notes PDF: Download Aldehyde Ketone and Carboxylic acid Handwritten Notes PDF in English from Google Drive for free. Total 39 Pages, PDF Size is- 17 MB. This article provides clear and concise handwritten notes on “Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids,” designed to simplify your preparation.
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Chapter 12 of Class 12 Chemistry, “Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids,” covers some of the most important organic compounds. These compounds are widely used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and food additives. This chapter introduces their structures, properties, and reactions, making it essential for board exams and competitive exams like JEE.
Looking for detailed and easy-to-follow notes on “Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids”? These handwritten notes summarize the entire chapter in a student-friendly format. Click the link below to preview and download the PDF: These notes are hosted on Google Drive for secure and quick access.
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| 3. Class 12 Chemistry Notes CBSE | View on Amazon |
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Details of the Aldehyde Ketone and Carboxylic acid Handwritten Notes PDF
| Subject Name | Class | Total Pages | PDF Size | Website Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemistry | 12 | 39 | 17 MB | StudyCart24.com |
These notes cover all important topics required for CBSE and competitive exams.
How to Prepare for This Chapter (Aldehyde Ketone and Carboxylic acid)
Follow these steps to prepare for “Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids”:
- Understand the Basics: Learn the structures and functional groups of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids.
- Focus on Nomenclature: Practice naming these compounds using IUPAC rules.
- Study Key Properties: Understand physical and chemical properties, such as boiling points and solubility.
- Learn Reactions: Focus on key reactions like nucleophilic addition, aldol condensation, and the decarboxylation of carboxylic acids.
- Use Handwritten Notes: Revise using the “Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Notes PDF” for quick and clear explanations.
- Practice Numerical Problems: Solve problems related to reaction mechanisms and conversions.
Important Questions That May Come in Exams from Aldehyde Ketone and Carboxylic acid
Here are some important questions from this chapter with detailed answers:
- Write the IUPAC name of CH3CHO and CH3COCH3.
- CH3CHO: The compound has one aldehyde group, and the parent chain has two carbons. The IUPAC name is ethanal.
- CH3COCH3: This compound is a ketone with three carbons in the chain. The IUPAC name is propanone.
- Differentiate between aldehydes and ketones based on their structure and reactivity.
- Structure:
- Aldehydes: The carbonyl group (–CHO) is attached to at least one hydrogen atom.
- Ketones: The carbonyl group (C=O) is bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups.
- Reactivity:
- Aldehydes are more reactive due to less steric hindrance and a stronger partial positive charge on the carbonyl carbon.
- Ketones are less reactive because of greater steric hindrance and the electron-donating effect of alkyl groups.
- Structure:
- Explain the mechanism of nucleophilic addition to carbonyl compounds.
- The carbonyl carbon in aldehydes and ketones has a partial positive charge due to the electronegativity difference between carbon and oxygen. A nucleophile attacks this carbon, leading to the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate. Protonation of this intermediate results in the final product.
- What is aldol condensation? Write its equation.
- Aldol condensation involves the reaction of two aldehydes or ketones in the presence of a base to form a β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone, which upon heating undergoes dehydration to form an α, β-unsaturated compound. Equation: CH3CHO + CH3CHO → CH3CH(OH)CH2CHO → CH3CH=CHCHO (catalyzed by dilute NaOH).
- Why do carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than alcohols?
- Carboxylic acids form strong hydrogen bonds due to the presence of both a hydroxyl group (–OH) and a carbonyl group (C=O). These hydrogen bonds lead to dimer formation, requiring more energy to break, hence higher boiling points.
- Explain the decarboxylation reaction with an example.
- Decarboxylation is the removal of a carbon dioxide molecule from a carboxylic acid. Sodium salts of carboxylic acids, when heated with soda lime (NaOH + CaO), undergo decarboxylation to form alkanes. Example: CH3COONa + NaOH → CH4 + Na2CO3
- Write the chemical test to distinguish between aldehydes and ketones.
- Tollen’s Test:
- Aldehydes reduce Tollen’s reagent (ammoniacal silver nitrate) to metallic silver, forming a silver mirror.
- Ketones do not react with Tollen’s reagent.
- Tollen’s Test:
- Discuss the acidity of carboxylic acids with examples.
- Carboxylic acids are acidic because they can donate a proton (H⁺) to form a carboxylate ion, which is stabilized by resonance. For example, acetic acid (CH3COOH) dissociates to form CH3COO⁻ and H⁺ ions in water.
Previously Asked Questions from This Chapter (Aldehyde Ketone and Carboxylic acid)
Here are some questions from CBSE and JEE exams:
| Question | Exam | Year |
|---|---|---|
| Write the reaction for the reduction of aldehydes and ketones to alcohols. | CBSE Board | 2021 |
| Explain the haloform reaction with an example. | JEE Mains | 2020 |
| What are the uses of formaldehyde in daily life? | CBSE Board | 2019 |
| Write the mechanism of the Cannizzaro reaction. | JEE Mains | 2018 |
| Discuss the preparation of carboxylic acids from primary alcohols. | CBSE Board | 2017 |
One-Liner Questions and Answers from This Chapter
- What is the functional group of aldehydes? –CHO (formyl group).
- What is the functional group of ketones? C=O (carbonyl group).
- What is the functional group of carboxylic acids? –COOH (carboxyl group).
- Why are aldehydes more reactive than ketones? Due to the smaller steric hindrance and electron-donating effects in aldehydes.
- What is the Tollen’s test? A chemical test to identify aldehydes using a silver mirror reaction.
- What happens in aldol condensation? Two molecules of aldehyde or ketone combine to form a β-hydroxy aldehyde or ketone.
- Why are carboxylic acids acidic? Due to the resonance stabilization of the carboxylate ion.
- What is the Hell-Volhard-Zelinsky reaction? A reaction to halogenate carboxylic acids at the α-position.
Conclusion
“Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids” is a vital chapter in Class 12 Chemistry that provides insights into the behavior and reactions of these organic compounds. Their applications range from perfumes and flavors to medicinal uses, making this chapter both academically and practically important.
The “Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Class 12 Notes Handwritten PDF” is a comprehensive resource for mastering this chapter. These notes simplify complex reactions, provide clear explanations, and include important questions for exam preparation.
Download the “Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids Notes PDF” today and enhance your revision. For more study materials and handwritten notes, visit StudyCart24.com. With regular practice and consistent effort, success is just around the corner. Happy learning!
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